This is revision 14 of History of ancient Egypt Template, saved on 2/12/2026, 1:00:40 PM.

History of ancient Egypt Template

Period	Date Range	Description
Predynastic Period	c. 6000–3150 BC	Small Nile valley tribes develop agriculture and animal husbandry; Naqada culture rises to dominance; earliest written symbols appear.
Early Dynastic Period	c. 3150–2686 BC	Narmer unifies Upper and Lower Egypt; capital established at Memphis; first two dynasties consolidate royal control.
Old Kingdom	2686–2181 BC	Age of the great pyramids and the Great Sphinx; centralised bureaucracy; rise of the scribal class.
First Intermediate Period	2181–2055 BC	Central authority collapses; famine and civil war; regional nomarchs rule independently until Theban reunification.
Middle Kingdom	2055–1690 BC	Stability restored; flourishing of literature and art; land reclamation in the Faiyum; reconquest of Nubia.
Second Intermediate Period	1674–1549 BC	Hyksos seize control of Lower Egypt from Avaris; Theban kings eventually expel them under Ahmose I.
New Kingdom	1549–1069 BC	Egypt's territorial peak; age of Hatshepsut, Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, and Ramesses II; first known peace treaty with the Hittites.
Third Intermediate Period	1069–653 BC	Power divided between Tanis and Thebes; Libyan and Kushite dynasties rule; Assyrian invasions sack Thebes.
Late Period	653–332 BC	Saite revival under Psamtik I; Persian conquest in 525 BC; last native dynasty falls; Alexander the Great takes Egypt.
Ptolemaic Period	332–30 BC	Macedonian Greek rule; Alexandria becomes a centre of learning; syncretism of Greek and Egyptian culture; Roman influence grows.
Roman Period	30 BC – AD 642	Egypt becomes a Roman province; Christianity spreads; pagan temples closed in 391; Arab conquest ends the period.